[python基础知识]bash-shell-programming-guide-for-process-control# Bash Shell编程指南之流程控制

linux

作者:tony 时间:2019-08-26 浏览:2496 小中大

本文目录 [隐藏]

Bash Shell编程指南之流程控制

I. if

if/else结构
if/else/else if结构

II. case

范例

III. 循环

while循环,只要表达式为真，循环体就会被一直执行。
for循环

IV. 函数

范例

Bash Shell编程指南之流程控制

I. if

if结构

#!/bin/bash

if command
then
   block of statements
fi

-------------------------

if  [[ expression  ]]
then
   block of statements
fi

`if/else`结构

#!/bin/bash

if  command
then
   block of statements
else
   block of statements
fi

-------------------------

if  [[ expression ]]
then
   block of statements
else
   block of statements
fi

-------------------------

if  ((  numeric expression ))
then
   block of statements
else
   block of statements
fi

`if/else/else if`结构

#!/bin/bash

if  command
then
   block of statements
elif  command
then
   block of statements
else if  command
then
   block of statements
else
   block of statements
fi

-------------------------

if  [[ expression ]]
then
   block of statements
elif  [[  expression ]]
then
   block of statements
else if  [[  expression ]]
then
   block of statements
else
   block of statements
fi

--------------------------

if  ((  numeric expression ))
then
   block of statements
elif  ((  numeric expression ))
then
   block of statements
else if  ((numeric expression))
then
   block of statements
else
   block of statements
fi

II. case

#!/bin/bash

case variable_name in
   pattern1)
      statements
         ;;
   pattern2)
      statements
         ;;
   pattern3)
         ;;
esac

--------------------------

case "$color" in
   blue)
      echo $color is blue
         ;;
   green)
      echo $color is green
         ;;
   red|orange)
      echo $color is red or orange
         ;;
   *) echo "Not a matach"
         ;;
esac

范例

$ cat t.sh
#!/bin/bash

case "$1" in
 1) echo "1"
;;
 2) echo "2"
;;
 *) echo "Low"
esac
$ bash t.sh
Low
$ bash t.sh 1
1
$ bash t.sh 2
2
$ bash t.sh 4
Low

根据用户的选择输入判断是那种水果并加上不同的颜色。

#!/bin/bash

RED_COLOR='\E[1;31m'
GREEN_COLOR='\E[1;32m'
YELLOW_COLOR='\E[1;33m'
BLUE_COLOR='\E[1;34m'
RES='\E[0m'
while :;do
cat <<END
  1.apple
  2.pear
  3.banana
  4.cherry
  5.exit
END
read -p "Pls input 1 or 2 or 3 or 4:"  a
case "$a" in
  1)
   echo -e "$RED_COLOR apple $RES"
;;
  2)
   echo -e "$YELLOW_COLOR pear $RES"
;;
  3)
   echo -e "$YELLOW_COLOR banana $RES"
;;
  4)
   echo -e "$RED_COLOR  cherry $RES"
;;
  5)
   break
;;
  *)
   echo "Pls input 1 or 2 or 3 or 4"
esac
done

在脚本中通过函数给指定的字符内容加指定颜色

#!/bin/bash

RED_COLOR='\E[1;31m'
GREEN_COLOR='\E[1;32m'
YELLOW_COLOR='\E[1;33m'
BLUE_COLOR='\E[1;34m'
RES='\E[0m'

case "$1" in
   red)
       echo -e "$RED_COLOR "$1" $RES"
;;
   yellow)
       echo -e "$YELLOW_COLOR "$1" $RES"
;;
  blue)
       echo -e "$BLUE_COLOR "$1" $RES"
;;
  green)
       echo -e "$GREEN_COLOR "$1" $RES"
;;
  *)
       echo "Usage plus.sh content {red|yellow|blue|green}"
esac

#!/bin/bash
RED_COLOR='\E[1;31m'
GREEN_COLOR='\E[1;32m'
YELLOW_COLOR='\E[1;33m'
BLUE_COLOR='\E[1;34m'
PINK='\E[1;35m'
RES='\E[0m'

if [ $# -ne 1 ]
then
  echo "Usage $0 content {red|yellow|blue|green}"
  exit 1
fi

case "$1" in
  red|RED)
    echo -e "${RED_COLOR}$1${RES}"
    ;;
  yellow|YELLOW)
    echo -e "${YELLOW_COLOR}$1${RES}"
    ;;
  green|GREEN)
    echo -e "${GREEN_COLOR}$1${RES}"
    ;;
  blue|BLUE)
    echo -e "${BLUE_COLOR}$1${RES}"
    ;;
  pink|PINK)
    echo -e "${PINK_COLOR}$1${RES}"
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage $0 content {red|yellow|blue|green}"
    exit
esac

case脚本模拟nginx服务启动关闭：/etc/init.d/nginx {start|stop|restart|reload}

$ cat check_mc.sh 
#!/bin/sh
printf "del key\r\n"|nc 127.0.0.1 11211 &>/dev/null
printf "set key  0 0 10 \r\nansheng0987\r\n"|nc 127.0.0.1 11211 &>/dev/null
McValues=`printf "get key\r\n"|nc 127.0.0.1 11211|grep ansheng0987|wc -l`
if [ $McValues -eq 1 ]
 then
   echo "memcached status is ok"
 else
   echo "memcached status is bad"
fi

#!/bin/bash
. /etc/init.d/functions
start_nginx(){
   if [ `netstat -tulnp|grep "nginx"|wc -l` -eq "0" ];then
       /application/nginx/sbin/nginx 2>/dev/null
       if [ "$?" -ne 0 ];then
         action "Starting nginx:" /bin/false
       else
         action "Starting nginx:" /bin/true
       fi
   else
       echo "nginx is running..."
   fi
}
stop_nginx(){
   if [ `netstat -tulnp|grep "nginx"|wc -l` -eq "0" ];then
       action "Stopping nginx:" /bin/false
   else
       pkill nginx
       action "Stopping nginx:" /bin/true 
   fi
}
status_nginx(){
   if [ `netstat -tulnp|grep "nginx"|wc -l` -eq "0" ];then
       echo "nginx is stopped"
   else
       echo "nginx (pid  $(cat /application/nginx/logs/nginx.pid)) is running..."
   fi
}
reload_nginx(){
   if [ `netstat -tulnp|grep "nginx"|wc -l` -eq "0" ];then
       echo "nginx is stopped"
   else
       kill -HUP `cat /application/nginx/logs/nginx.pid >/dev/null 2>&1` >/dev/null 2>&1
   fi
}
help_nginx(){
       echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status|reload|configtest|help}"
}
configtest_nginx(){
   /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t >/dev/null 2>&1
   if [ "$?" -eq "0" ];then
      echo "Syntax OK"
   else
      echo "$(/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t)"
   fi
}

case "$1" in
 start)
        start_nginx
        ;;
 stop)
        stop_nginx
        ;;
 status)
        status_nginx
        ;;
 restart)
        stop_nginx
        sleep 2
        start_nginx
        ;;
 help)
        help_nginx
        ;;
 configtest)
        configtest_nginx
        ;;
 reload)
        reload_nginx
        ;;
   *)
        help_nginx
esac

RSYNC启动关闭脚本

#!/bin/bash
. /etc/init.d/functions
JC=$(lsof -i :873|wc -l)
start_rsync(){
 if  [ "$JC" -ne 0 ];then
     echo "Running rsync.."
 else
     rsync --daemon
     action "Stopping rsync:" /bin/true
 fi
}
#stop rsync
stop_rsync(){
 if [ "$JC" -ne 0 ];then
     pkill rsync
     action "Stopping rsync:" /bin/true
 else
     action "Stopping rsync:" /bin/false
 fi
}
#restart rsync
case "$1" in
  start) start_rsync
;;
  stop) stop_rsync 
;;
  restart) stop_rsync
       sleep 2
           start_rsync
;;
  *) echo "USAGE：$0 {start|stop|restart}"
esac

III. 循环

循环有四种类型: while、until、for、select

`while`循环,只要表达式为真，循环体就会被一直执行。

#!/bin/bash

while command
do
   block of statements
done 

-------------------------

while [[ string expression ]]
do
   block of statements
done

-------------------------

while (( numeric expression ))
do
    block of statements
done

范例

$ sh while02.sh 
5050
$ cat while02.sh 
#!/bin/bash
i=1
sum=0
while [ $i -le 100 ]
do
  let sum=sum+i
  let i=i+1
done
echo $sum

#!/bin/bash

i=1
sum=0
while ((i < 101))
do
  ((sum=sum+i))
  ((i++))
done

echo $sum

for循环

‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌

循环指定的所有元素，循环完毕之后就推出

#!/bin/bash

for variable in word_list
do
   block of statements
done

--------------------------                  

for color in red green b
do
   echo $color
done

范例

使用for循环在/ansheng目录下批量创建10个文件，名称依次为：

ansheng-1.html
ansheng-2.html
ansheng-3.html
......
ansheng-10.html

#!/bin/bash

for N in `seq 10`; do
 touch ansheng-$N.html
 echo $N > ansheng-$N.html
done

用for循环实现将以上文件名中的ansheng全部改成linux，并且扩展名改成大写。要求：for循环的循环体不能出现ansheng字符串。

#!/bin/bash

for I in `ls /ansheng|grep -v "sh$"|awk -F "-" '{print $1}'`; do
 for N in `seq 10`;do
  mv $I-$N.html linux-$N.HTML 2>/dev/null
  [ $? -ne 0 ]&&exit
 done
done

批量创建10个系统帐号ansheng01-ansheng10并设置密码（密码为随机8位字符串）

#!/bin/bash

for N in {01..10}; do
  useradd ansheng$N
  PASS=$(awk -F "-" '{print $1}' /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid)
  echo "$PASS"|passwd --stdin ansheng$N
  echo "ansheng$N $PASS" >>/root/user.txt
done

手机充值10元，每发一次短信（输出当前余额）花费1角5分钱，当余额低于1角5分钱不能发短信，提示余额不足，请充值，请用while语句实现。

#!/bin/bash
i=1000
while [ $i -gt 15 ];do
 ((i=i-15))
 echo $i
done
echo "NO"

单位换算。统一单位，统一成整数，10元=1000分，1角5分=15分

每两秒检测一次URL是否正常

#!/bin/bash

while :;do
Z=$(curl -I -s -w "%{http_code}" -o /dev/null $1)
if [ "$Z" -eq "200" ];then
  echo "$1 OK."
else
  echo "$1 down."
fi
  sleep 2
done

已知下面的字符串是通过RANDOM随机数md5sum后的结果，请破解这些字符串对应的md5sum前的数字？

2102929901ee1aa769d0f479d7d78b05
00205d1cbbeb97738ad5bbdde2a6793d
a3da1677501d9e4700ed867c5f33538a
1f6d12dd61b5c7523f038a7b966413d9
890684ba3685395c782547daf296935f

#!/bin/bash
for N in {0..32767}; do
W=$(echo $N)
S=$(echo $N | md5sum | awk '{print $1}')
if [ "$S" == "2102929901ee1aa769d0f479d7d78b05" ];then
   echo $W >>/root/root.log
   continue
elif [ "$S" == "00205d1cbbeb97738ad5bbdde2a6793d" ];then
   echo $W >>/root/root.log
   continue
elif [ "$S" == "a3da1677501d9e4700ed867c5f33538a" ];then
   echo $W >>/root/root.log
   continue
elif [ "$S" == "1f6d12dd61b5c7523f038a7b966413d9" ];then
   echo $W >>/root/root.log
   continue
elif [ "$S" == "890684ba3685395c782547daf296935f" ];then
   echo $W >>/root/root.log
   continue
else
  continue
fi
done

for n in {0..32767}
do
  echo "`echo $n|md5sum` $n" >>zhiwen.log
done

exec < fanzui1.log
while read line
do
    grep "$line" zhiwen.log
done

随机数获取方法

$ echo $RANDOM
28691
$ 
$ openssl rand -base64 8
IBvOphJ7l3g=
$ head /dev/urandom|cksum
4123889536 2383
$  cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid
26fdb902-06d1-4e85-a607-734e74e3d7b7

IV. 函数

一般会把重复执行的代码块包装到一个函数中

#!/bin/bash

function_name() {
   block of code
}

function  function_name {
   block of code
}

------------------------

function  lister {
   echo Your present working directory is `pwd`
   echo Your files are:
   ls
}

范例

一个简单带色彩的启动脚本

#!/bin/bash
. /etc/init.d/functions

if [ $# -ne 1 ];then
  echo "USAGE：$0 {start|stop|restart}"
  exit 1
fi

if [ "$1" == "start" ];then
  action "start ... " /bin/true
elif [ "$1" == "stop" ];then
  action "stop ... " /bin/true
elif [ "$1" == "restart" ];then
  action "restart ... " /bin/true
else
  echo "USAGE：$0 {start|stop|restart}"
  exit 1
fi

创建个函数并执行

$ cat t.sh
#!/bin/bash

test(){
  echo "hello word!"
}
$ bash t.sh
hello word!

$ cat t.sh
#!/bin/bash

function Check_Url() {
  curl -I -s $1 | head -1 && return 0 || eturn 1
}
Check_Url rowsea.com/linux
$ bash t.sh
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently

[python基础知识]bash-shell-programming-guide-for-process-control# Bash Shell编程指南之流程控制

Bash Shell编程指南之流程控制

I. if

if/else结构

if/else/else if结构

II. case

范例

III. 循环

while循环,只要表达式为真，循环体就会被一直执行。

范例

for循环

范例

IV. 函数

范例

`if/else`结构

`if/else/else if`结构

`while`循环,只要表达式为真，循环体就会被一直执行。